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Testing program

FDM Test Lab

This program exists so a number on an engineering page can trace back to a coupon and its raw data, not just to a search result. Each experiment writes down its method and its limits before it names any number, so a reader can check the work instead of taking our word for it.

Status of the program

No experiment in this program has run yet, and no result is published yet. Every engineering number on this site today comes from a named outside source, not from a coupon we printed and checked ourselves. This page will change on the day that is no longer true.

What we will measure, and why

  • How close a printed hole comes to its nominal size
  • How much a printed length shrinks or grows from the file size
  • How thin a wall can print and still hold its shape
  • How print orientation changes how much load a part carries
  • How infill percent changes how much a part bends under a load
  • How much force pulls a heat set insert out of its hole
  • How much an unsupported bridge sags between two points
  • How three materials compare on the same coupon and the same printer
  • How many times a snap fit can flex before it cracks

Hole Compensation

How far does a printed hole miss its nominal size, and which offset step brings it back?

The gap between the hole size drawn in CAD and the hole size a caliper reads after the part prints.

A hole that is too small will not take a bolt, a dowel, or a bearing. Knowing the gap on our own printer lets a buyer pick a size that actually fits.

A reviewed result may support

  • The offset that lands closest to target size, for one printer, one material, one hole axis, at the sizes tested.

A reviewed result may not support

  • A single offset number that applies to every printer, material, or hole size.
  • A promise that a hole will fit a specific bolt or pin without a test fit.

Dimensional Accuracy

How far does a printed length drift from the number in the CAD file?

The difference between a length drawn in CAD and the same length measured with a caliper after printing.

A part that runs long or short changes how it fits with another part. A buyer building an assembly wants the real number, not a guess.

A reviewed result may support

  • How far our printer's own output drifts from nominal, at the lengths and axes tested, for one material.

A reviewed result may not support

  • A tolerance figure that applies to every printer or every part shape.
  • A promise that a future print will land inside the same range.

Wall Thickness

At what thickness does a thin wall print clean, and does the printed wall match the number set in the slicer?

Whether a freestanding wall completes without collapsing, and how the printed thickness compares with the slicer's setting.

A wall set too thin can warp, gap, or fail to print at all. A buyer designing a thin feature wants a real floor, not a number copied from a spec sheet for a different process.

A reviewed result may support

  • The thinnest wall setting that printed clean in this test, on this printer, in this material.

A reviewed result may not support

  • A single wall thickness number that works for every material or printer.
  • How a thin wall behaves once it carries a load.

Print Orientation

How much weaker is a part printed standing up than the same part printed flat?

Load at break, compared between a part printed flat and the same part printed standing.

A part loaded across its layers can break at a much lower load than the same part loaded along its layers. A buyer choosing an orientation wants a real number for that gap, not a rule of thumb.

A reviewed result may support

  • The size of the strength gap between flat and standing, for one material, one printer, and one bar shape.

A reviewed result may not support

  • A strength ratio that applies to every material, part shape, or load direction.

Infill

How much stiffer does a part get as infill percentage goes up?

Midspan deflection of a beam under one fixed mass, compared across infill percentages.

Infill costs print time and material. A buyer choosing an infill setting wants to know how much stiffness that setting actually buys.

A reviewed result may support

  • How deflection changed with infill percentage, for one beam shape, one material, and one printer.

A reviewed result may not support

  • A stiffness number that applies to a different part shape or a different load case.

Threaded Inserts

How much force pulls a heat-set insert out of a printed boss, and does hole size change that?

Axial pull-out force on a heat-set insert, compared across hole diameters.

An insert that pulls out under load fails the whole assembly. A buyer sizing a boss wants a real pull-out number, not one borrowed from a different material or process.

A reviewed result may support

  • Pull-out force at the hole sizes tested, for one insert brand and size, one material, one printer.

A reviewed result may not support

  • A pull-out figure for a different insert brand, size, or material.

Bridging and Overhangs

How much does an unsupported bridge sag as the span gets longer?

Sag depth on the underside of a bridge, measured across a set of span lengths.

A bridge that sags too far can touch whatever sits below it, or throw off the top surface. A buyer spanning a gap wants a real sag number for the span they need.

A reviewed result may support

  • How sag changed with span length, for one material, one printer, one nozzle.

A reviewed result may not support

  • A bridge span figure that works for every material or printer, without a coupon of your own.

Material Comparison

Does the same coupon print to a different size depending on the material?

Dimensional deviation on the same coupon design, printed once in each of three materials.

A buyer choosing between PLA, PETG, and ABS for a fitted part wants to know if the material itself changes how close a part lands to nominal.

A reviewed result may support

  • Whether the three materials deviated differently on this one coupon, on this one printer.

A reviewed result may not support

  • A material ranking that applies to a different part shape or a different printer.

Snap-Fits

How many times can a cantilever snap flex before it cracks?

The number of insert-and-remove cycles a cantilever snap survives, compared across deflection amounts.

A snap-fit that a customer opens and closes many times needs to survive that use. A buyer designing a snap wants a cycle count for the deflection they plan to use, not a borrowed strain table.

A reviewed result may support

  • Cycle count to cracking at the deflection amounts tested, for one material, one snap shape, one printer.

A reviewed result may not support

  • A cycle count for a different material, snap shape, or deflection amount.

How an experiment is structured

Every experiment moves through the same stages, in this order, before it can publish a result.

  1. Planned
  2. Ready to run
  3. Running
  4. Measured, not yet reviewed
  5. Reviewed
  6. Reviewed, awaiting publication
  7. Published
  8. Invalidated

Every experiment records

  • Material, filament brand, and spool
  • Machine and nozzle size
  • Layer height, print temperature, and bed temperature
  • Print orientation on the plate
  • Slicer name, slicer version, and print profile
  • Coupon version and its exact geometry
  • Sample count, planned and then actual
  • Measurement tool, its resolution, and its calibration status

What counts as internal evidence, and what does not

Counts

  • A reviewed dataset with its method written down first
  • The raw CSV file, not only a summary number
  • The real sample count for that run
  • The resolution of the tool used to take the reading
  • A stated list of what the result can and cannot support

Does not count

  • One print, by itself
  • A photo of a part
  • A slicer preview
  • A simulation
  • A number pulled from a search result
  • A plan for an experiment that has not run yet

How raw data will be published

A published result links to its raw data as a CSV file, one row for every reading, with the sample id, the condition, the nominal value, the measured value, and a reason next to any reading that was excluded.

The column format is written down in our raw data format document, so a reader can check the arithmetic behind a summary table instead of trusting it on sight.

How limitations are handled

  • Every result carries a list of what it may conclude and a list of what it may not conclude, even when the data looks clean.
  • One printer and one spool of filament is one setup, not a rule for every printer and every spool.
  • A reading that gets excluded stays in the CSV, with the reason written next to it. Nothing is deleted from the file.

Planned experiments

These are plans for future runs, not results. None of them has run yet.

PlannedHole Compensation

Hole Compensation Ladder, PLA, 0.4 mm Nozzle

On one P1S-class printer in PLA at 0.4 mm, how far under nominal does a vertical-axis hole print at 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 mm, and which offset step from the hole compensation ladder (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mm) lands closest?

20 planned samples

PlannedDimensional Accuracy

Press-Fit Interference Ladder, PLA

At which diametral interference (0.00 to 0.30 mm in 0.05 steps) does a printed pin hold in a printed bore by hand, and at which does it split the boss?

21 planned samples

PlannedWall Thickness

Freestanding Wall Printability, PLA

At which slicer wall thickness (0.4 to 2.0 mm in 0.2 steps) does a freestanding wall print complete, and how does its measured thickness compare with the slicer's number?

27 planned samples

PlannedPrint Orientation

Orientation Strength Comparison, PETG

How does the load at break of a PETG bar printed flat compare with the same bar printed standing?

10 planned samples

PlannedInfill

Infill Deflection Comparison, PLA

How does midspan deflection under one fixed mass change with 15, 30, 50 and 100 percent infill on the same beam?

12 planned samples

PlannedThreaded Inserts

Heat-Set Insert Pull-Out, PLA

What axial force pulls an M3 heat-set insert out of a PLA boss at 4.0, 4.2 and 4.4 mm hole diameters?

9 planned samples

PlannedBridging and Overhangs

Bridging Span Sag, PLA

How much does the underside of an unsupported bridge sag at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 60 mm spans?

15 planned samples

PlannedSnap-Fits

Snap-Fit Cantilever Cycle Life, PETG

How many insert-and-remove cycles does a PETG cantilever snap survive at 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mm deflection before it cracks?

9 planned samples

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